NATO has taken steps to strengthen its deterrence and defense of critical undersea infrastructure in the Baltic, Barents, and Arctic regions.
Since 2025, NATO and EU members have improved coordination through joint measures and initiatives such as NATO's Baltic Sentry and the UK-Norway Lunna House Agreement.
Despite these efforts, gaps still remain due to the region's geography and Russia's enduring presence, making continued improvements in surveillance, coordination, and rapid-response capabilities essential.
